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Human Development Report 2019: Montenegro maintains its position

According to the latest Human Development Report, published by the UNDP program, Montenegro has maintained its position in the category of states with very high human development index.

Human Development Index (HDI) represents a composite index of long-term national achievements in three dimensions of the progress of the mankind: long and healthy life, access to education and decent living standard. With 0.816 value, Montenegro takes 52nd position among 189 states and territories.

Traditionally, Norway tops the scale.

“Montenegro has been recording stable progress in the past 15 years. Since 2005, HDI value has increased by 8,3%. Progress has been enhanced by economic growth, as necessary prerequisite for the improvement of life quality. However, we notice that this increase hasn’t been for the sake of all of us, as specific categories have been left in unfavorable position. Multi-dimensional poverty index tells us that”, says Ms Daniela Gashparikova, permanent UNDP representative in Montenegro.

Gross GDP per capita is by 30% lower for women than for men.

“That essentially means that long-term change depends on the more comprehensive and systemic access to development, which goes farther than the GDP growth or allocation of revenues”, said Ms Gashparikova.

Historically, states in Europe and Central Asia, had higher degree of equality in comparison to the rest of the world. This region is now faced with unstable labor markets and social exclusion. Middle class is declining, level of informal work and vulnerable employment is very high, there’s a gap in social protection, young workforce is leaving- these are all factors that make the inequality very conspicuous in the region”, reads the Report.

Inequality in revenues is just part of the story. Therefore, the latest report observes human development beyond revenues, beyond average and beyond what we have today.

“As gap in the fundamental living standard become more narrow, new forms of inequality emerge and they are often caused by disparities in the approach to technologies and education”, said Ms Gashparikova.

Gender inequalities are the most deeply rooted forms of inequality. Human development progress among men and women is measured by the Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII). GDI for Montenegro is below average in the group of states with very high human development.

The most dramatic difference is in the control of economic resources: gross GDP for men amounts to over $20.634, whereas for women it reaches only $14.557.

For every 100.000 childbirths, seven women die due to pregnancy complications. Adolescent childbirth rate is 9,3 childbirths for 1.000 women aged between 15 and 19.

 

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